What Every Forex Trader Should Know About ECNs vs. Deal Desks
Many
Forex traders are concerned about going to an
ECN broker and not trading through a deal desk. In this article I hope to shed some light about how this works and what to look for when selecting a broker to make sure that you don't become a victim of un-just dealing practices.An ECN dealing model allows the many market participants to execute trades with each other through an electronic network. That's what an ECN stands for; electronic communications network.
As you know,
Forex is a zero sum game so for every winner there is a loser; for everyone going long there is someone going short. So what an ECN does is match up your order with the order of another market participant. You are probably asking yourself the same question as I asked myself when I first found out about an ECN, will there be a seller every time I am buying and vice versa? The answer is that there are
market makers and banks in the ECN that are consistently taking on trades and hedging their risk. They may have their own buy and sell programs that they are trading on. These banks allow clients to get better liquidity and tighter pricing in the ECN. One of the most profound benefits of using an ECN is that you get anonymity, as the other participants do not see who is trading on the other end and cannot flag your account and trade directly against you. Another benefit to consider is that you can make your own market in an ECN; meaning you can place orders in between the bid and the ask price. If you are not willing to trade at a particular price point, you are able to place a bid or offer in between the spread in hopes of the ECN finding a fit counterparty this is not a possibility with a deal desk.
Some
Forex dealing firms use a dealing desk approach. With this approach their desk acts as a sole market maker and takes all long and short positions on. The desk has certain risk parameters that have been set up and based on these calculations the aggregate net position of the dealing desk is
hedged. So, if the desk itself is net long or short a certain amount of EUR/USD for example, they will take a trade of that amount in the opposite direction with a liquidity provider. If all the clients are net long 1 billion EUR/USD, the desk will go long 1 billion EUR/USD and thus have a hedged position. So for every pip they lose in aggregate to their clients they will win on their hedge. It's obviously not as simple as I just explained it but that's the basic nature of the dealing model. Some of the advantages of going through a deal desk are that you always know your transaction costs as the spreads stay fixed, you know who the counterparty will be every time in case you need to get issues resolved. There are however some disadvantages as well, the dealer will always know who you are, and you cannot go in between the bid and the ask. Although many people are strong proponents of the
ECN model which does seem a lot more transparent, the dealing desk approach can work just as well, as long as you are trading at a well capitalized firm with numerous deep liquidity relationships.